{"id":634,"date":"2023-10-27T12:23:46","date_gmt":"2023-10-27T10:23:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ceza.de\/?post_type=materials&#038;p=634"},"modified":"2024-02-23T15:15:37","modified_gmt":"2024-02-23T14:15:37","slug":"speleothem","status":"publish","type":"materials","link":"https:\/\/ceza.de\/english\/cezapedia\/materials\/speleothem","title":{"rendered":"Speleothem"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/ceza.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/methoden-Radiokarbondatierung-icon-150x150.png\" alt=\"icon Spelaeothem\" class=\"wp-image-818\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ceza.de\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/10\/methoden-Radiokarbondatierung-icon-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/ceza.de\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/10\/methoden-Radiokarbondatierung-icon.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Description<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Speleothems (cave mineral) are secondary mineral deposits that are formed by moisture in cavities. The term speleothems covers mineral deposits in caves and is therefore not limited to stalactites. Speleothems also exist in mines and similar caves where minerals, in this case carbonate, are deposited by transport with water. Especially stalactites are important for climate history, because their water-dependent deposits form a highly resolved archive. The seasonal fluctuations in water availability and origin can be reconstructed using the stable isotope\u00a0<sup>18<\/sup>O (more precisely: using the\u00a0<sup>18<\/sup>O\/<sup>16<\/sup>O ratio). A temporal correlation is obtained by additional radiocarbon measurements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sample properties<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For carbonates there are no special requirements for sample composition. One should be aware that samples in powder form do not allow additional cleaning steps as they dissolve very quickly. Therefore, a sample sent as powder should have been cleaned before sampling.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><sup>14<\/sup>C-Dating<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Significantly more material is required for radiocarbon dating, since 1 mg carbon is needed for the measurement and only about 10% is present in the carbonate. Sample amounts between 50-100 mg are sufficient to allow a cleaning step if necessary (unless for powders). Please contact the laboratory if the sample quantities are much smaller.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Oxygen isotope analysis<br><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>For a determination of the&nbsp;<sup>18<\/sup>O\/<sup>16<\/sup>O ratio (short \u03b4<sup>18<\/sup>O) less than 1mg of the carbonate in the form of powder is needed. However, the surface should already be cleaned.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"editor_notices":[]},"class_list":["post-634","materials","type-materials","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Speleothem - CEZA EN<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ceza.de\/english\/cezapedia\/materials\/speleothem\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Speleothem - CEZA EN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Description Speleothems (cave mineral) are secondary mineral deposits that are formed by moisture in cavities. 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